The Impacts of Trade Facilitation Provisions on Fresh Agricultural Products Trade between China and the BRI Countries

Trade facilitation is essential to lowering overall trade costs and increasing economic returns on both the multilateral regional levels. also an integral part of agreements has become important component Belt Road Initiative (BRI). This paper adopts a time-varying stochastic frontier gravity model inefficiency assigns values different provisions construct relevant indicators assess impacts World Organization Facilitation Agreement (WTO TFA) (RTAs) efficiency between China BRI countries, as well current conditions challenges fresh agricultural product countries BRI, using data from 2011 2020. The results show that size domestic markets population positively affect while geographical distance negative impact their scale trade. Moreover, this study finds obligations set out in RTAs play role improving efficiency, among these legal “information transparency”, “customs cooperation” “advance ruling” can significantly improve however, some measures relating “formalities” could potentially constitute barriers innovatively carried analysis flows perspectives international law economics provides new policy recommendations for support